What Is TDEE?

TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure) is the total number of calories your body burns in a day. It is calculated by multiplying your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) — the calories needed just to stay alive — by an activity multiplier.

Your BMR accounts for breathing, circulation, hormone production, and cell repair. Activity adds on top: walking, exercise, even fidgeting. TDEE is the number of calories at which your weight stays constant (maintenance).

To lose weight: eat below TDEE. To preserve muscle on GLP-1 medications: stay within a moderate deficit of 500–750 calories per day below your TDEE — not 1,500.

Why TDEE Is Critical on GLP-1 Medications

The Hidden Danger of Appetite Suppression

Semaglutide and tirzepatide can reduce appetite so effectively that many users eat only 600–900 calories per day without realizing it. While this creates rapid initial weight loss, extreme deficits signal the body to break down muscle for fuel — permanently lowering your resting metabolic rate.

Studies show that without adequate protein and a moderate (not extreme) calorie deficit, GLP-1 users can lose 25–40% of total weight loss as lean muscle mass rather than fat. Knowing your TDEE puts you in control.

Metabolic Adaptation During Weight Loss

As you lose weight on a GLP-1, your TDEE decreases — a smaller body burns fewer calories. Additionally, rapid weight loss triggers metabolic adaptation: your body becomes more efficient, burning fewer calories than predicted by standard formulas.

Recalculate your TDEE every 10–15 lbs lost and adjust your calorie targets accordingly. Shotlee lets you log your food intake alongside injections so you can spot when intake drifts too far below your estimated TDEE.

Harris-Benedict Formula

The most widely used formula for estimating BMR. TDEE = BMR × Activity Multiplier.

BMR Formula — Men

BMR = 88.36 + (13.4 × weight in kg) + (4.8 × height in cm) − (5.7 × age)

Example: A 35-year-old man, 200 lbs (90.7 kg), 5'10" (177.8 cm): BMR ≈ 88.36 + 1215 + 854 − 199.5 = 1,958 cal/day

BMR Formula — Women

BMR = 447.6 + (9.25 × weight in kg) + (3.1 × height in cm) − (4.33 × age)

Example: A 40-year-old woman, 180 lbs (81.6 kg), 5'5" (165 cm): BMR ≈ 447.6 + 755 + 512 − 173 = 1,542 cal/day

Activity Multipliers

Sedentary
Desk job, little or no exercise
× 1.2
Lightly Active
Light exercise 1–3 days/week
× 1.375
Active
Moderate exercise 3–5 days/week
× 1.55
Very Active
Hard exercise 6–7 days/week
× 1.725

TDEE Reference Table

Estimated daily calorie needs by body weight and activity level (assumes average adult height and age 35–45).

Body WeightSedentaryLightly Active
140 lbs (64 kg)
1,560 cal
1,755 cal
160 lbs (73 kg)
1,680 cal
1,895 cal
180 lbs (82 kg)
1,800 cal
2,025 cal
200 lbs (91 kg)
1,960 cal
2,200 cal
220 lbs (100 kg)
2,100 cal
2,360 cal
250 lbs (113 kg)
2,280 cal
2,565 cal
280 lbs (127 kg)
2,460 cal
2,770 cal

Protein Needs and Safe Deficit on GLP-1

Recommended Daily Protein

Protein is the primary nutrient for preserving muscle during calorie restriction. On GLP-1 medications, aim for 0.7–1.0 grams of protein per pound of body weight daily — the upper end if you are actively doing resistance training.

1,200 cal/day100–120g protein
1,500 cal/day120–150g protein
1,800 cal/day140–180g protein
2,100 cal/day160–210g protein

Safe Calorie Deficit for GLP-1 Users

GLP-1 medications are powerful enough that you do not need an aggressive calorie deficit to lose weight. Research and clinical experience suggest a 500–750 calorie/day deficit below your TDEE strikes the best balance between fat loss and muscle preservation.

250 cal/day deficit
~0.5 lbs/week loss
Conservative
500 cal/day deficit
~1 lb/week loss
Ideal
750 cal/day deficit
~1.5 lbs/week loss
Max recommended
1,000+ cal/day deficit
>2 lbs/week
Risk of muscle loss

Frequently Asked Questions

How many calories should I eat on Ozempic?

There is no one-size-fits-all answer — it depends on your TDEE. Calculate your TDEE using the Harris-Benedict formula and subtract 500–750 calories per day. Most people on Ozempic at maintenance weight are between 1,500 and 2,400 calories per day before accounting for deficit. Eating fewer than 1,200 calories per day (women) or 1,500 (men) is generally not recommended without medical supervision.

Does Ozempic slow your metabolism?

Not directly — but rapid weight loss from any cause, including Ozempic, causes metabolic adaptation (your resting metabolic rate decreases as you get lighter). Eating adequate protein (0.7–1g per lb of body weight) and doing resistance training are the best strategies to minimize this effect and preserve metabolically active muscle tissue.

How do I track calories alongside my GLP-1 injections?

Shotlee lets you log your injection doses alongside daily health metrics. Pair it with a calorie-tracking app like MyFitnessPal or Cronometer for food logging. Reviewing both together helps you spot patterns — for example, nausea side effects reducing intake more than intended in the days after your injection.

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